第五十一章 它们既年轻又古老(1 / 2)

满级考古大师 顾屈 1153 字 2022-09-21

西汉时期的蜀中商人有多牛?

史书上曾经留下的只言片语,便足够震撼世人。

《华阳国志》曾记载:“成都县本治赤里街,营广府舍,置盐、铁、市官并长、丞,修整里阓,市张列肆。其民工于市、易贾!”

西汉初年,天子不能具钧驷,而将相或乘牛车,齐民无藏盖。

但是蜀中的商人却“或窃出商贾,取其笮马、僰僮、髦牛,以此巴蜀殷富。”

而到了西汉中期,出身成都的大商人兼高利贷主罗裒,訾至巨万!

罗裒去一趟京师,随身都要带数十百万钱!

且往来巴蜀数年间,就又赚了千余万钱!

罗裒甚至放贷都放到了列侯和诸侯王的头上,赊贷郡国,人莫敢欺!

拥有封国和封地的顶级大贵族,都没他有钱,都要找他借高利贷!

从西汉初年的卓氏、程郑氏,到西汉中后期的罗氏,都是《史记·西南夷列传》中记载的鼎鼎有名大商人!

哪怕到了东汉年间,广汉巨富折象家族,也是“有资财二亿,家僮八百人!”

终两汉之世,蜀中富商大贾经营的商品,种类众多,规模庞大,一度统治了国内市场。

西汉初年,蜀中大商人们主要经营盐铁之利和采铜铸钱之利。

等到汉武帝将盐铁官营并统一铸币后,蜀中商人们迅速转型,开始走向了大而广的路线。

酤酒业、酱园业、屠宰业、粮食业、薪炭业、造船业、竹木业、造车业、油漆业、铜器业、铁器业、牲畜业、高利贷、蔬菜水果业……

根据史书记载和后世统计。

当时蜀中商人经营的商业领域几乎涵盖了西汉人民的衣食住行!

上到贵族用度,下到百姓民生,无业不从!

巴蜀富商大贾周流天下,交易之物莫不通!

蜀地的“蜀布、蜀刀、枸酱、柑橘”是闻名国内外的四大特产!

甚至他们的商品还卖到了国外去!

蜀郡工官和广汉郡工官制造的精美漆器和釦器,多销往现在朝鲜境内的乐浪郡,并且被北方草原匈奴贵族所喜爱。

而私家商贾则往往铤而走险,常常沿南方丝绸之路进行边境贸易。

蜀布、丝绸、邛竹杖等“蜀物”被他们贩运到滇越(今东印度阿萨姆邦)和身毒(今印度)。

张骞出使西域时,在大夏国(即今阿富汗和中亚一带)时就曾经亲眼见到过蜀布、邛竹杖等蜀地商品。

询问了大夏本地人后,他才得知,这些蜀地商品,是通过身毒进入大夏国的。

由此可见,西汉时期蜀地工商业有多发达!

不只是卖!

同时蜀地的商人们也会从南亚诸国购入西方的真珠、琥珀、珊瑚等宝物,在国内市场出售,赚取数倍差价利润。

蜀中地区至此成为了西南的内外贸易枢纽中心,工商业发达至极!

而且蜀中的商人们不但独立开拓出了南方丝绸之路,而且还为整个东南亚地区带去了文明。

现在的东南亚国家能够成为儒家文化圈的一部分,这群蜀中商人出力最大!

在阅读这方面的历史文献记录的时候,陈翰虽然说也为两汉时期的蜀中商人那繁荣的工商业而惊叹。

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