第2490章 布匿战争与投降派(1 / 2)

三界淘宝店 宁逍遥 1144 字 2022-09-17

“没错。打了上百年,罗马死了几十位执政官,损失了数十万的兵力,几代青年战死沙场,最终平灭了迦太基,摧毁了迦太基城,男人全部屠杀,女人卖为奴隶,还在迦太基的肥沃土地上撒上盐巴,让它成为寸土不生的不毛之地。”

宁小凡顿了顿道:“你有没有想过,这是为什么?迦太基可是航海霸主,结果第一次布匿战争,海战被罗马人反杀,还失去了西西里岛。”

“第二次布匿战争,迦太基的战争天才汉尼拔带着战象和数万兵力翻越了罗马人认为绝不可能的天险阿尔卑斯山,空降罗马腹地,连续策反罗马好几个盟友,陆续打垮罗马数十个执政官,还差点对罗马城发动进攻。”

“在意国腹部作战数年之久,因为援兵不力才撤回本土;第三次布匿战争,那就不必说了,迦太基已经无险可守,几乎是传檄而定了。但即便是那样,还是在迦太基城下顽抗了三年才被消灭。”

秦不三听完,思考了好一会儿才慢慢说道:

“之前我还真的专门去研究过这个问题,我认为主要原因有好几个,其一是迦太基是一个商业国家,公民募兵制已经被废除了,迦太基的士兵全靠着雇佣兵,因此战斗素质参差不齐,而且成分复杂,无法统一管理。”

“相反罗马都是公民,他们都愿意为了家园和自己的财富、子女而战,自然战斗力特别高。即便是被打垮了一次又一次,依然能组织起源源不断的军团投入战斗,直到将汉尼拔耗死在意国境内。”

“甚至连斯巴达克斯这种依靠吸收和招募意国内部数百万奴隶的作战都无法摧毁它。斯巴达克曾经说过,在意国境内谁也无法战胜罗马,唯有发动整个世界的努力,以数十万大军将罗马城团团围困才能摧毁它。”

“第二呢?”

宁小凡听完点了下头,继续问道。

“第二,两者的战斗意志完全不一样。在迦太基的内部一直有主战派和主和派互相掣肘,内部力量无法拧成一股绳,对于派出援兵也很不利。”

“导致汉尼拔辗转罗马却一直无法得到援兵也有其中之一的因素,当然还有一部分原因是失去了制海权,援助过不去,但迦太基内部之前争斗也错失了许多良机,才导致丧失了制海权。”

“相反罗马内部的热情都很高,捐钱捐物,公民踊跃参战。海战不行我就持续投入海军,最终制霸地中海,将老牌航海帝国彻底击垮,断绝了海上的援助之路,执政官战败回到罗马,非但没有受罚,反而还受到了极大的欢迎。”

宁小凡默默点头:“刚才你说了一部分,我补充一点。迦太基内部的投降派和主战派力量互相掣肘,当年的汉尼拔为何不在北非战斗,就是知道政敌在,他在北非根本没可能,所以才冒险翻越阿尔卑斯山。”

“结果到达意国的时候,他就已经损失了近半数的兵力和战象了。而后来,罗马大军兵临迦太基城下,投降派又极力压制主战派,不给汉尼拔援兵也就算了,还逼迫汉尼拔回国受死,逼得汉尼拔流亡国外最终自杀而死。”

“再到后来,罗马人赢得第二次布匿战争之后,兵临迦太基城下,逼迫迦太基人上缴大量的武器以保全性命,结果迦太基人给了,府库空虚,罗马大军突然杀到,迦太基城内连兵器甲胄都凑不齐,能维持三年不失守已是难能可贵的了。”

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