680【国富论】(1 / 2)

梦回大明春 王梓钧 1513 字 2022-06-01

黄峨亲自端着肉糜粥进来,对王渊说:“过几日便是上巳节,靳夫人(金罍之妻)邀我们一家去郊外踏青。你可走得开?”

王渊涂改着稿件,点头道:“去吧,很久没走动了。”

黄峨又说:“靳夫人之意,是想将她家的媛儿,许配给骐儿(王骐)为妻。”

“骐儿已满十七岁,确实应该张罗婚事,”王渊说道,“可趁上巳节踏青,让小儿女们自己聊聊,若是情投意合便可遣媒人提亲。若他们哪个早有心上人,也不要一味强迫,儿孙自有儿孙福。”

“我省得。”黄峨随手拿起几张书稿,入眼却是《国富论》三字。

亚当斯密的《国富论》,王渊在高中时囫囵读过,依稀记得某些概括内容,但细节早就忘得一干二净。

反倒是马克思经济学理论,什么生产力、生产资料、生产关系、剩余价值……这些东西王渊记得更清楚,他曾经高中分班到文科,老师上课都有讲过的,只因背书背得头大无比,学着学着又跑去读理科。

王渊现在写的这本《国富论》,部分来自亚当斯密,部分来自马克思,部分来自穿越前的各种阅读,部分来自穿越后的为政经验,堪称一本政治经济学的大杂烩。

黄峨翻开第一章【绪论】,只见稿子写道:

“国之度,民之用,皆劳作而得。若废生产劳作,国无税赋可支,民无衣食可活,未闻世间有不劳而获之事也……劳作有序,分配有度,则国富民强;劳作无序,分配无度,则国贫民弱。”

“工匠造物,农户耕种,可称劳作。商贾货通有无,学者著书立说,亦可称劳作耳。”

“劳作生产,须有人与物,二者缺一不可,此谓‘生产资料’。欲得粮食,须有人耕种,亦须有土地、种子、农具之类……”

“人,可称‘生产者’,亦可称‘劳动力’。创造财富之多寡能力,可借物理学术语强名之,谓‘生产力’也。推而大之,以工厂拟人,以国家拟人。则可论及‘工厂之生产力’、‘国家之生产力’。”

“一妇人以旧式纺车织布,昼夜可得几尺?若以新式纺车织布,得布数倍之。若以蒸汽机织布,得布百倍之。生产者人数不变,而所得财货骤增,此谓生产力之提高也。”

“若欲提高生产力,改进生产工具只得其一。生产工具为物,为‘生产资料’,人亦‘生产资料’也。是问,可改进人否?必可改进之!”

“一书生,一老农,同耕一亩地,谁得粮食较多?一农户,一盐户,同煮一锅卤,谁得盐教多?人有专精,此生产技能之别。提高生产技能,亦可提高生产力。”

“又问,兴修宫室城墙,为何当设督造官?乃分工劳作也,不使役工闲之,不使石匠做瓦匠活耳。生产力愈高,则分工愈细化,后文将详而论之。”

“人非草木,孰能无情?若劳无所得,则必怠工懒散。大明工匠,为官府服役,必得过且过;为自家谋生,则辛劳勤奋。灶户亦然,煮正盐懈怠,煮余盐积极,皆因正盐无利可图,余盐乃妻儿生计所依。此谓生产积极性,大明户籍之别,乃生产力之一大桎梏。”

“究其所因,分配不均也!”

“推及天下,百姓耕作,得衣保食,朝廷征收,可支国用。若四海无闲田,农夫犹饿死;若海内百业旺,国库尚空虚,此分配之大弊也。财富何匿?权贵、士绅、豪强、商贾,上夺国之计,下夺民之利也。”

“由此可知,国富民强之策有三:其一,政令通畅,分配有序;其二,发展知识,推广技能,提高生产力;其三,逐步取消户籍之分,逐步允许游民存在,尽最大可能解放生产力……”

绪论看完,黄峨再看第一章正文。

迎面一大堆名词阐述,商品、货币、劳动、分工、市场、资本、生产力、生产资料之类,看得黄峨不由发笑:“你这是要致仕做商贾吗?”

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